What it checks
The limits first, because a field over its limit is simply refused: 30 characters for the title and subtitle, 170 for promotional text, 80 for Google Play’s short description, 4,000 for the description, and 100 bytes — not characters — for the App Store keyword field.
Then the rules that cost you rankings rather than an upload. Apple indexes your title, subtitle and keyword field as one set, so the checker finds every word used twice, plus filler like “app” and “free” and plurals of words you already have. Google Play bars promotional claims, “new”, emoji and ALL-CAPS styling from titles, and penalises a description that repeats one term far beyond natural use.
What it cannot tell you
Whether your keywords are the right ones. That needs search-volume and competition data per country. The checker makes sure the terms you chose are spent without waste; choosing them is the research half of ASO.